Context-free grammars and finite-state automata over categories

Noam Zeilberger

École Polytechnique




Abstract: Around two years ago, Paul-André Melliès and I wrote a paper giving a categorical analysis of the so-called Chomsky–Schützenberger representation theorem, whose usual formulation states that "a language is context-free iff it is a homomorphic image of the intersection of a Dyck language with a regular language". Since then, our understanding of the material has evolved significantly, and we wrote a thoroughly revised and expanded version of the paper:

The categorical contours of the Chomsky-Schützenberger representation theorem, https://inria.hal.science/hal-04399404

The main message of the paper is that there are natural notions of "context-free grammar" and of "non-deterministic finite state automaton" over arbitrary categories and operads, and that looking at CFGs and NDFAs in this way seems to have some real explanatory power. In the talk I will give some examples, and sketch some of the other ideas and results from the paper.